Overview
Vastu Shastra (Sanskrit: वास्तु शास्त्र, vāstu śāstra, literally "science of architecture") is a traditional Hindu system of architecture originating in ancient India. It is based on ancient texts that describe principles of design, layout, measurements, ground preparation, space arrangement, and spatial geometry. The system seeks to integrate architecture with nature, articulate the relative functions of various parts of a structure, and apply traditional beliefs through geometric patterns (yantra), symmetry, and directional alignments.
The design approach of Vastu Shastra is oriented towards aligning built spaces with natural forces such as sunlight, wind, the geomagnetic field, and gravity. It is intended to foster harmony between individuals and their surroundings. The textual tradition of Vastu Shastra forms part of the broader body of knowledge known as Vastu Vidya, which encompasses architectural and design theories from ancient India.
Vastu Vidya is a collection of ideas and concepts, sometimes accompanied by layout diagrams, that are not rigid prescriptions. Instead, they offer models for the organisation of space and form within a building or a group of buildings, based on the functions of those spaces in relation to one another, their usage, and the overall fabric of the Vastu.
The principles of Vastu Shastra extend across several types of construction. They include guidelines for the design of Mandirs (Hindu temples), as well as for the design and layout of houses, towns, cities, gardens, roads, water works, shops, and other public spaces. The traditional practitioners and architects associated with Vastu Shastra are known as Sthapati, Sūtragrāhin (Sutradhar), Vardhaki, and Takṣhaka, each associated with specific roles in planning and construction.