Manayangath Subramanian Viswanathan (24 June 1928 – 14 July 2015), popularly known as M. S. Viswanathan or MSV, was an Indian film composer, singer and conductor who worked predominantly in Tamil cinema. He composed music for over 1,200 films across Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu, Kannada and Hindi, and is widely regarded as one of the most influential figures in South Indian film music. He was affectionately addressed as Mellisai Mannar ("King of Light Music").
| Full name | Manayangath Subramanian Viswanathan |
|---|---|
| Born | 24 June 1928, Elappully, Palakkad district, Kerala |
| Died | 14 July 2015, Chennai, Tamil Nadu |
| Occupation | Music composer, singer, conductor |
| Years active | 1952–2015 |
| Notable partnership | Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy (with T. K. Ramamoorthy), 1952–1965 |
| Languages | Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu, Kannada, Hindi |
| Sobriquet | Mellisai Mannar |
Viswanathan was born in Elappully, a village near Palakkad in present-day Kerala. He lost his father at a young age, and the family faced significant financial hardship. His early exposure to music came through harmonium training under Neelu Iyer. He later moved to Chennai (then Madras) in the 1940s in search of work in the film industry, gradually finding employment as an assistant to established music directors of the period including C. R. Subbaraman.
Viswanathan made his debut as an independent composer with the Tamil film Panam (1952). Soon afterwards, he formed a partnership with violinist and composer T. K. Ramamoorthy, and the duo came to be known as Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy. The pair composed for a string of successful Tamil films during the late 1950s and early 1960s, including Kalyana Parisu (1959), Padagotti, Pasamalar (1961), Policekaran Magal, Iruvar Ullam, Aalayamani and Server Sundaram (1964). Their music played a defining role in shaping the sound of Tamil film songs of the era, blending Carnatic foundations with light orchestration influenced by Western popular styles.
The partnership ended around 1965, after which Viswanathan continued as a solo composer and rose to dominate Tamil film music through the late 1960s and 1970s. He scored music for major films such as Anbe Vaa, Naanum Oru Penn, Uyarndha Manithan, Engirundho Vandhaal, Ninaithale Inikkum, Apoorva Raagangal, Annakili, Aval Oru Thodar Kathai and Pattikkada Pattanama. He worked extensively with leading Tamil stars including M. G. Ramachandran, Sivaji Ganesan, Gemini Ganesan and Kamal Haasan, and with playback singers T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela, S. Janaki, P. B. Sreenivas, L. R. Eswari and later K. J. Yesudas and S. P. Balasubrahmanyam.
Viswanathan's compositions were frequently set to lyrics by Kannadasan and Vaali, and the MSV–Kannadasan combination in particular produced some of the most enduring songs of Tamil cinema. He also composed for songs written by Pattukkottai Kalyanasundaram, Avvai Shanmugam and Muthulingam.
From the 1980s onwards, with the rise of Ilaiyaraaja and later A. R. Rahman, Viswanathan's output as a lead composer reduced, but he continued to compose intermittently and increasingly took to playback singing, often performing his own older compositions in revival shows and re-recordings. He sang for younger composers as a guest voice in films during the 2000s and 2010s.
Viswanathan was known for melodically rich compositions rooted in Carnatic ragas but accessible in their structure, and for his skill in setting Tamil lyrics with strong attention to prosody and meaning. He was among the early Tamil composers to integrate Western orchestral arrangements, jazz harmonies and Latin rhythms with Indian melodic frameworks. His film songs are regarded as cornerstones of the golden age of Tamil film music, and he influenced subsequent generations of composers including Ilaiyaraaja, who briefly worked in his orchestra early in his career.
Viswanathan was married to Janaki, and the couple had several children. He lived in Chennai for most of his working life. He was known among colleagues for his humour, generosity towards struggling musicians and lifelong devotion to film music.