Lohit district is an administrative district of the state of Arunachal Pradesh in north-eastern India. It takes its name from the Lohit River, a major tributary of the Brahmaputra, which flows through the region. The district headquarters is located at Tezu. Lohit lies in the eastern part of Arunachal Pradesh and forms part of the wider Mishmi Hills cultural and geographical zone.
| Attribute | Details |
|---|---|
| State | Arunachal Pradesh |
| Country | India |
| Headquarters | Tezu |
| Region | Eastern Arunachal Pradesh |
| Major river | Lohit River |
| Principal communities | Mishmi (Kaman/Miju and Idu), Khamti, Singpho |
Lohit district occupies a hilly to sub-Himalayan terrain in the eastern reaches of Arunachal Pradesh. The Lohit River, after which the district is named, drains the area before joining the Brahmaputra in the Assam plains. The landscape ranges from forested foothills to higher mountain ridges, with valleys formed by the Lohit and its tributaries. The district shares boundaries with other districts of Arunachal Pradesh including Anjaw, Namsai, and Lower Dibang Valley, and lies close to the Assam plains to the south.
Lohit was historically one of the larger frontier divisions in the erstwhile North-East Frontier Agency (NEFA) before Arunachal Pradesh attained statehood in 1987. Over the years, parts of the original Lohit district were carved out to form new administrative units:
Following these reorganisations, the present-day Lohit district covers a smaller area centred on Tezu and the surrounding Mishmi Hills.
The district is home to several indigenous communities. The Mishmi people, particularly the Kaman (Miju) and Idu groups, form a significant share of the population in the hill areas. The Khamti and Singpho communities, who are traditionally Theravada Buddhists, have historically inhabited the lower areas. Tai Khamti script and Buddhist monastic traditions are part of the cultural fabric, alongside the indigenous animist and Christian traditions of the Mishmi.
The economy of Lohit is largely agrarian. Wet rice cultivation in the valleys, jhum (shifting) cultivation in the hills, horticulture, and small-scale trade are the principal livelihoods. Tezu, the headquarters, functions as the main commercial and administrative centre and hosts government offices, educational institutions, and a regional airport.
Tezu is connected by road to other parts of Arunachal Pradesh and to Assam. Tezu Airport provides limited regional air connectivity. The district lies within the broader transport corridor leading from the Assam plains into eastern Arunachal Pradesh.
Lohit is significant both as a cultural heartland of the Mishmi people and as a strategic frontier district close to international borders in the eastern Himalayas. Its river system, biodiversity, and proximity to historical NEFA-era administrative arrangements make it an important component of Arunachal Pradesh's geography and history.