Brahmananda Saraswati (1868–1953) was an Indian spiritual master associated with the Advaita Vedanta tradition. He is widely remembered for having served as the Shankaracharya of the Jyotir Math, one of the four cardinal monastic seats traditionally ascribed to Adi Shankara, located in the Garhwal Himalaya in present-day Uttarakhand.
| Name | Brahmananda Saraswati |
|---|---|
| Born | 1868 |
| Died | 1953 |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Tradition | Advaita Vedanta; Dashanami Sampradaya |
| Position | Shankaracharya of Jyotir Math |
Brahmananda Saraswati belonged to the Dashanami monastic order, a renunciate tradition organised under ten lineages and traditionally connected with the four mathas (monastic centres) attributed to Adi Shankara. As a sannyasi of the Saraswati order, he undertook a life of renunciation, scriptural study and meditative practice rooted in the non-dualist teachings of Vedanta.
He is best known for being installed as the Shankaracharya of Jyotir Math (also spelt Jyotirmath or Jyotirmatha), the northern seat among the four traditional Shankaracharya peethams. The Jyotir Math seat had remained vacant for an extended period before his installation, and his tenure is generally regarded within the tradition as a revival of the seat's spiritual leadership.
Brahmananda Saraswati's teachings emphasised the classical themes of Advaita Vedanta, including self-knowledge, meditation, and the realisation of the non-dual Self (Atman) as identical with Brahman. He attracted disciples from monastic and lay backgrounds, and his lineage of students went on to play visible roles in Indian spiritual life in the second half of the twentieth century.
He is remembered in north Indian Hindu monastic tradition as a figure who reanimated the office of the Shankaracharya of Jyotir Math after a long interregnum. His memory continues to be honoured at centres associated with the Jyotir Math lineage and by spiritual movements that trace their teachers back to disciples trained under him.