Andimuthu Raja, popularly known as A. Raja, is an Indian politician from Tamil Nadu and a senior leader of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK). He has served multiple terms in the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India, and held Cabinet portfolios in the Government of India during the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) governments led by Manmohan Singh. He is most widely known for his tenure as Union Minister for Communications and Information Technology, during which the allocation of 2G spectrum licences became the subject of major public controversy and prolonged litigation.
| Full name | Andimuthu Raja |
|---|---|
| Known as | A. Raja |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Home state | Tamil Nadu |
| Political party | Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) |
| Alliance | United Progressive Alliance (UPA), DMK-led front in Tamil Nadu |
| Profession | Lawyer, politician |
| Notable office | Union Minister for Communications and Information Technology |
| Constituency | Nilgiris (Lok Sabha) |
A. Raja hails from the Nilgiris region of Tamil Nadu and trained in law before entering active politics through the DMK, the principal Dravidian party founded in 1949. He rose through the party organisation and built a base in western Tamil Nadu, with the Nilgiris parliamentary constituency, a seat reserved for Scheduled Castes, becoming his political home.
Raja has been elected to the Lok Sabha on multiple occasions as a DMK candidate. As a Member of Parliament, he has represented the Nilgiris constituency and participated in standing committees and policy debates relating to law, telecommunications, environment and information technology.
The allocation of 2G spectrum licences during Raja's tenure as Union Minister for Communications and Information Technology became one of the most prominent public controversies in Indian telecommunications policy. The matter was examined by the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG), the Public Accounts Committee, a Joint Parliamentary Committee, and the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI). Raja resigned from the Union Cabinet amid the controversy and faced trial in a special CBI court in New Delhi. In December 2017, the special court delivered its verdict acquitting Raja and the other accused in the criminal case; appeals against the trial court's judgment were subsequently filed in higher courts. The case had wider consequences for telecom licensing policy in India, including a Supreme Court of India ruling that cancelled a large number of telecom licences granted under the policy.
A. Raja's career illustrates several aspects of contemporary Indian politics: the role of regional Dravidian parties in coalition governments at the Centre, the prominence of Scheduled Caste leaders in Tamil Nadu's political landscape, and the interaction between executive policy decisions, parliamentary oversight, the CAG, and the higher judiciary. The 2G spectrum episode, in particular, influenced subsequent reforms in spectrum allocation, including the move to auction-based mechanisms by the Department of Telecommunications and the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI).